1. What regulations does the government have in place to ensure workplace safety?

The government has several regulations in place to ensure workplace safety. Some of these include:

1. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA): This federal law requires employers to provide a safe and healthy workplace for their employees. It sets standards for workplace safety, enforces compliance with those standards, and provides training on occupational safety and health.

2. Hazard Communication Standard: This OSHA standard ensures that employers communicate information about hazardous chemicals in the workplace through labels, safety data sheets, and training.

3. Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs): These are limits set by the government that specify the maximum amount of exposure an employee can have to a hazardous substance over a period of time without experiencing negative health effects.

4. Workforce Safety & Insurance: Most states have laws requiring employers to provide workers’ compensation insurance, which provides medical care, lost wages, and rehabilitation services to employees who are injured or become ill due to work-related activities.

5. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations: The EPA has regulations in place to prevent workplace exposure to environmental hazards such as air pollution, water contamination, and toxic substances.

6. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): NIOSH is a federal agency that conducts research on workplace safety and health issues and makes recommendations based on its findings.

7. State-specific regulations: Many states have their own laws and regulations governing workplace safety, which may be more stringent than federal requirements.

8. Industry-specific regulations: Certain industries, such as construction or manufacturing, may have specific regulations in place to protect workers from hazards unique to their line of work.

9. Inspections and enforcement: Government agencies regularly conduct inspections of workplaces to ensure compliance with safety regulations. Employers found to be in violation may face fines or other penalties.

10. Employee rights: Workers have the right to report unsafe working conditions without fear of retaliation from their employer under OSHA’s Whistleblower Protection Program. They also have the right to refuse work that they believe is unsafe under certain circumstances.

2. How are workplace accidents and injuries reported and investigated in Tunisia?

In Tunisia, workplace accidents and injuries are reported and investigated according to the Occupational Health and Safety Code, which was enacted in 1991. This code is overseen by the Ministry of Social Affairs (Department of Labour Inspection) and is applicable to all enterprises, public or private, regardless of their size or sector.

Reporting:
Employers are required to report any workplace accident or injury within 24 hours to the Department of Labour Inspection. In cases where an employee dies as a result of the accident or injury, the employer must immediately report it to both the Department of Labour Inspection and the police.

Investigation:
According to the Occupational Health and Safety Code, an investigation must be carried out for every workplace accident or injury that results in death, permanent disability, or requires medical treatment for more than three days. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the cause(s) of the accident or injury and identify measures that could prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future.

The investigation is usually conducted by a team composed of representatives from the employer, employees, and relevant authorities such as occupational health and safety inspectors. The team may also include experts from outside organizations depending on the nature and complexity of the accident.

The investigation team collects evidence through interviews with witnesses, examination of equipment and machinery involved in the incident, reviewing relevant policies and procedures, etc. Once all necessary information has been gathered, a report is prepared with recommendations for preventive measures.

Follow-up:
Depending on severity, follow-up actions may include repairs to equipment causing safety hazards; training programs on safety procedures; changes in work processes; updating policies; disciplinary action. Employers must take appropriate measures to ensure that identified issues are addressed promptly and effectively.

In case employers fail to conduct investigations into workplace accidents or take necessary corrective actions identified in investigation reports within a specified deadline set by authorities (typically 60 days), they are liable for administrative sanctions such as fines or temporary closure orders.

Additionally, employers are required to keep a register of accidents and undertake periodic risk assessments to prevent workplace injuries and ensure the health and safety of their employees.

3. What measures are taken to protect employees from occupational hazards, such as chemical or physical exposures?

There are several measures taken to protect employees from occupational hazards, including:

1. Identification and assessment of hazards: Employers conduct a thorough evaluation of their workplace to identify potential hazards that could harm employees. This includes conducting job hazard analyses, safety audits, and risk assessments.

2. Implementation of controls: Once hazards have been identified, employers implement control measures to eliminate or reduce the risks. This can include engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE).

3. Training and education: Employers provide training for employees on how to recognize and avoid hazards in the workplace. They also provide specific training on how to use PPE properly.

4. Hazard communication: Employers are required to develop a hazard communication program that informs employees about the potential hazards they may encounter in their work.

5. Proper handling and storage of chemicals: Employers are required to follow specific guidelines for handling, storing, and using hazardous chemicals in the workplace.

6. Medical surveillance: In industries where there is a high risk of exposure to certain chemicals or physical agents, employers may implement medical surveillance programs to monitor employee health.

7. Regular safety inspections: Employers conduct regular safety inspections to ensure that all safety protocols are being followed and any potential hazards are promptly addressed.

8. Emergency response plans: Employers have established emergency response plans so that employees know what actions to take in case of an emergency related to occupational hazards such as chemical spills or fires.

9. Workplace ergonomics: Employers strive to maintain safe working conditions by designing workstations and tasks that do not pose a risk of musculoskeletal disorders.

10. Ongoing monitoring and improvement: Employers regularly review and improve their safety protocols based on new information or changes in the workplace environment.

4. Are all employers required to provide their employees with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)?

Yes, under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, all employers are required to assess their workplace for potential hazards and provide appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect their employees from these hazards. This requirement applies to all employers, regardless of industry or company size. Employers must also ensure that PPE is properly maintained, stored, and replaced when necessary. For certain industries, there may be additional regulations and requirements for specific types of PPE.

5. In what ways does the government work to enforce health and safety laws in various industries?

1. Legislation and Regulations: The government passes laws and regulations that outline health and safety standards applicable to different industries. These laws usually mandate employers to provide a safe working environment for their employees.

2. Inspections: Government agencies conduct routine inspections of workplaces to ensure compliance with health and safety laws. Inspectors may also be called in to investigate accidents or complaints related to workplace safety.

3. Education and Awareness: The government works to educate employers, employees, and the public about health and safety laws through various campaigns and programs. This helps create awareness about workplace hazards, prevention methods, and employee rights.

4. Enforcement Actions: If violations are found during inspections or investigations, the government may take enforcement actions such as issuing citations, fines, or even shutting down businesses until they comply with regulations.

5. Partnerships with Industry Groups: The government often partners with industry groups to promote workplace safety best practices and share information on potential hazards within specific industries.

6. Worker Protection Agencies: There are specialized federal agencies responsible for enforcing health and safety laws in certain industries such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for general industry workers, Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) for mining workers, and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for aviation workers.

7. Training Programs: Government agencies also provide training programs on occupational safety and health for both employers and employees in different industries.

8. Investigations of Complaints: Workers can make complaints regarding unsafe working conditions to appropriate government agencies who will then investigate the issue and require employers to rectify any identified problems.

9. Collaboration with State Agencies: In many cases, state governments work in partnership with federal agencies to enforce health and safety laws in different industries at the state level.

10. Penalties for Non-compliance: Employers who fail to comply with health and safety regulations may face penalties such as fines or imprisonment depending on the severity of the violation.

6. How does Tunisia’s healthcare system address occupational health hazards and illnesses among workers?

Tunisia has a well-developed healthcare system that provides comprehensive coverage for workers’ occupational health hazards and illnesses. The healthcare system is composed of public, private, and mutual insurance options, offering a range of services to address the specific needs of workers.

1. Prevention: The Tunisian government has implemented various laws, regulations, and policies to prevent occupational health hazards and illnesses among workers. These include the Law on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH), which requires employers to take measures to identify and eliminate workplace hazards. Employers are also required to provide their employees with protective equipment, regular medical check-ups, and safety training.

2. Occupational Health Services: Tunisia has an extensive network of occupational health services that are responsible for identifying, preventing, diagnosing, treating, and rehabilitating work-related diseases and injuries. These services are available in both public and private healthcare facilities.

3. Medical Benefits: Workers in Tunisia have access to a range of medical benefits for occupational health issues through the National Social Security Fund (CNAM). These benefits cover all necessary medical expenses related to work accidents or occupational diseases.

4. Rehabilitation Services: In addition to medical treatment, rehabilitation services are available for workers who suffer from permanent disabilities due to workplace injuries or illnesses. These services aim to help workers regain their functional capacity and return them back to work as soon as possible.

5. Compensation: Workers who are unable to work due to injuries or illnesses caused by their job may be entitled to receive compensation under the CNAM program. The amount of compensation depends on the severity of the injury or illness and its impact on the worker’s ability to work.

6. Research and Monitoring: The Ministry of Public Health conducts studies and research on occupational health hazards and illnesses in different industries to identify emerging risks and develop preventive measures.

7. Worker Education: Employers in Tunisia are required by law to educate their employees about workplace safety measures through training programs on topics such as proper handling of hazardous materials and the use of protective equipment.

Overall, Tunisia’s healthcare system provides comprehensive coverage for workers’ occupational health issues through a combination of prevention, medical treatment, rehabilitation services, compensation, and research. However, there is still room for improvement in enforcing safety regulations and raising awareness about occupational health hazards among both employers and workers.

7. Are there any specific regulations for high-risk jobs, such as construction or mining, regarding safety protocols and training in Tunisia?

Yes, there are specific regulations for high-risk jobs in Tunisia, such as construction and mining. These regulations include safety protocols and training requirements to ensure the safety of workers in these industries.

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Institut National de la Santé et de la Sécurité au Travail – INSST) is responsible for developing and implementing programs to promote occupational health and safety in Tunisia. They work closely with the Ministry of Social Affairs, Solidarity, Women and Family and other governmental agencies to develop regulations and standards for workplace safety.

One example of a regulation for high-risk jobs is Decree No. 94-1060 which outlines safety measures for excavation works in the construction industry. This includes mandatory training for workers involved in excavation works, as well as requirements for protective equipment and safe work procedures.

In the mining sector, the Ministry of Industry and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises has established specific regulations for occupational health and safety in mines. These include provisions for risk assessment, hazard control measures, emergency preparedness, and worker training.

Employers are also required to provide appropriate training on job-specific hazards, safe work procedures, emergency response protocols, and any necessary personal protective equipment. They must also regularly assess workplace risks and take necessary measures to prevent accidents or injuries.

Overall, Tunisia has a comprehensive regulatory framework in place to ensure the safety of workers in high-risk jobs. Employers are responsible for complying with these regulations and providing a safe working environment for their employees.

8. How often are companies inspected for compliance with health and safety laws in Tunisia?

According to the Tunisian General Labor Office, companies are inspected at least once a year for compliance with health and safety laws. However, companies may be subject to additional inspections if there are reports of violations or if a specific workplace situation warrants it. The frequency of inspections may also vary depending on the size and nature of the company’s activities.

9. Are there any penalties for businesses found to be in violation of health and safety regulations in Tunisia?

Yes, there are penalties for businesses found to be in violation of health and safety regulations in Tunisia. The penalties can range from fines to temporary or permanent closure of the business, depending on the severity of the violation. In some cases, criminal charges may also be brought against the responsible parties. It is important for businesses in Tunisia to comply with all health and safety regulations to avoid these penalties and ensure a safe working environment for their employees.

10. Does the government offer any resources or programs for businesses to improve their workplace health and safety practices in Tunisia?

Yes, the Tunisian government offers resources and programs to support businesses in improving their workplace health and safety practices. These include:

1. The National Agency for Occupational Safety and Health (ANSS), which is responsible for developing and implementing policies and programs to improve workplace safety in Tunisia.

2. The Labor Code, which sets out regulations and guidelines for occupational health and safety in the country.

3. The General Directorate of Labor Inspection, which is responsible for overseeing compliance with labor laws, including occupational health and safety regulations.

4. The Tunisian Social Security Fund (CNSS), which provides insurance coverage for work-related accidents and diseases.

5. The National Institute of Labour and Social Security (INLSS), which offers training programs on occupational health and safety for both employers and employees.

6. The Ministry of Employment and Vocational Training, which offers advisory services to businesses on workplace safety practices.

7. Sector-specific regulations, such as those related to construction, mining, transportation, and agriculture, among others.

8. Awareness campaigns on workplace health and safety organized by government agencies to educate employers and employees on best practices.

9. Joint committees for occupational health and safety comprising representatives from employers, employees, and government agencies that facilitate dialogue on issues related to workplace safety.

10. Subsidies or tax incentives provided by the government to companies that invest in improving their workplace health and safety practices.

11. Are there specific regulations for the transportation of hazardous materials within Tunisia’s borders?

Yes, Tunisia follows the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and has its own national regulations for the transportation of hazardous materials within its borders. These regulations are overseen by the Tunisian Ministry of Transport and include requirements for packaging, labeling, documentation, and training for handling hazardous materials during transportation.

12. How does Tunisia handle workplace bullying or harassment that may impact an employee’s mental health in Tunisia?

In Tunisia, workplace bullying and harassment are not tolerated and there are laws in place to protect employees from such behavior. The main law addressing this issue is the Labor Code, which prohibits any discrimination or harassment based on race, religion, political opinions, sex, age, disability or any other personal characteristic.

If an employee experiences workplace bullying or harassment that affects their mental health, they can file a complaint with their employer. Employers are required to have policies and procedures in place for handling these types of complaints and addressing the issue. If the employer fails to take action to stop the harassment or bullying, the employee can report it to the Ministry of Social Affairs for further investigation.

The labor inspectors in Tunisia also have a role in monitoring and enforcing compliance with anti-bullying and anti-harassment laws. They are responsible for conducting inspections at workplaces to ensure compliance with labor laws and regulations.

In addition to legal recourse, employees may seek support from mental health professionals if they experience negative effects on their mental health due to workplace bullying or harassment. Some employers may also offer counseling services for their employees.

It is important for employers in Tunisia to provide a safe and healthy work environment for their employees and take necessary measures to prevent workplace bullying and harassment. This includes implementing policies against such behavior, conducting trainings on sexual harassment awareness, and promoting a culture of respect among employees.

13. Are there any special accommodations for pregnant or breastfeeding employees in terms of workplace safety measures in Tunisia?

Yes, pregnant and breastfeeding employees in Tunisia are entitled to special accommodations for workplace safety measures. These accommodations include:

1. Hazard assessment: Employers are required to conduct an assessment of the workplace hazards that could affect pregnant and breastfeeding employees.

2. Modification of work tasks: If the workplace hazards cannot be eliminated, employers must modify the work tasks of pregnant or breastfeeding employees to reduce their exposure to these hazards.

3. Flexible working hours: Pregnant or breastfeeding employees have the right to request flexible working hours in order to accommodate their special needs.

4. Prohibition of certain tasks: Employers are prohibited from assigning pregnant or breastfeeding employees with physically demanding or hazardous tasks that could harm them or their unborn child.

5. Safety equipment: Employers must provide appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and ensure that it fits properly for pregnant and breastfeeding employees.

6. Health regular check-ups: Employers are required to provide pregnant or breastfeeding employees with paid time off for prenatal appointments and medical check-ups related to their pregnancy.

7. Accommodation for lactation breaks: Breastfeeding mothers are entitled to reasonable accommodation during work hours for lactation breaks.

8. Option for alternative worksite: If a workplace is found to be unsafe for a pregnant or breastfeeding employee, she has the right to request an alternative worksite that is safe for her and her unborn child.

9. Maternity leave benefits: Pregnant and breastfeeding employees are entitled to maternity leave benefits as per the Tunisian Labor Code.

10. Protection against discrimination: Employers are prohibited from discriminating against pregnant or breastfeeding employees based on their condition of pregnancy or childbirth.

It’s important to note that these provisions apply not only to fixed-term employment contracts but also apply to temporary contracts, such as seasonal workers, part-time workers, and apprenticeships.

14. Are mental health concerns addressed in workplace safety regulations in Tunisia?

Yes, mental health concerns are addressed in workplace safety regulations in Tunisia. The country’s labor code, Law No. 66-27, includes provisions for protection of workers’ physical and mental health in the workplace.

Article 12 of the labor code states that employers have a duty to provide suitable working conditions that ensure the physical and mental well-being of their employees. This includes measures to prevent work-related stress, anxiety, depression, or other mental health issues.

In addition, Tunisian law requires employers to assess and control psychological risks in the workplace. Employers must also take preventive measures to avoid work situations that may have a negative impact on the mental health of their employees.

Furthermore, Article 13 of the labor code states that employers must take appropriate measures to protect workers from harassment or discrimination based on race, gender, religion or any other factors that may negatively affect their mental well-being.

Employers are also required to provide information and training on occupational hazards and methods for preventing or dealing with them. This includes training on managing stress and promoting a healthy work-life balance.

Overall, Tunisia’s labor code recognizes the importance of addressing mental health concerns in workplace safety regulations and requires employers to take proactive measures to promote a healthy work environment for their employees.

15. How are employees trained on emergency procedures, such as fire drills or natural disasters in Tunisia?

Employees in Tunisia are typically trained on emergency procedures through orientation sessions and regular training programs conducted by the company. This includes both theoretical and practical training.

1. Orientation Sessions: During the initial onboarding process, new employees are given an overview of the company’s emergency procedures. They are briefed on the different types of emergencies that could occur, the designated evacuation routes, and safety protocols to follow in case of an emergency. This session is usually conducted by a designated safety officer or a member of the human resources department.

2. Regular Training Programs: Companies also conduct regular training programs for all employees to refresh their knowledge and practice emergency procedures. These training sessions may include role play exercises, simulations, and review of emergency protocols. Employees are also educated on how to use safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, first aid kits, and emergency exits.

3. Fire Drills: Fire drills are commonly practiced in Tunisian companies to prepare employees for a potential fire emergency. Organizations have designated fire wardens who lead the drills and guide employees towards designated assembly points outside the building. The frequency of these drills may vary from company to company, but it is mandatory for employers to conduct them at least once every six months.

4. Natural Disaster Drills: Due to Tunisia’s geographical location, natural disasters such as earthquakes or floods could occur. Companies typically have specific plans in place for these situations, and employees are trained on how to respond in case of a natural disaster.

5. Post-Emergency Assessments: After any emergency situation occurs, organizations usually conduct post-emergency assessments to evaluate their response and identify any areas for improvement. This information is then used to update or enhance their existing emergency procedures.

It is important for employees to be familiar with their company’s emergency protocols so they can respond quickly and efficiently in case of any unforeseen circumstances. Employers have a legal obligation to provide a safe working environment for their employees, including providing adequate training for emergency situations.

16. Is there a national agency responsible for ensuring public spaces, like parks or schools, follow proper safety protocols in Tunisia?

Yes, the Ministry of Local Affairs and Environment is responsible for ensuring public spaces, including parks and schools, follow proper safety protocols in Tunisia. This ministry oversees the safety and maintenance of all public spaces in the country and carries out regular inspections to ensure compliance with safety standards. Additionally, the Ministry of Education also plays a role in ensuring the safety of schools by setting guidelines and regulations for building construction, fire safety, and emergency preparedness.

17 .Are companies required to have a designated first aid officer on site at all times in Tunisia?

According to the Tunisian labor law, companies are required to have at least one designated first aid officer on site at all times if they have more than 50 employees. However, it is recommended for smaller companies to also have a designated first aid officer on site.

18 .How is ergonomic awareness promoted and enforced in workplaces across Tunisia?

1. Promoting ergonomic awareness through education and training: Many workplaces in Tunisia conduct regular workshops, seminars, and training sessions for their employees to educate them about the importance of ergonomics and how it can improve their overall well-being at work.

2. Implementing ergonomic policies and procedures: Many companies have implemented specific policies and procedures related to ergonomics, which are strictly enforced in the workplace. This includes conducting risk assessments, providing appropriate equipment and tools, and promoting breaks and stretching exercises.

3. Providing ergonomic equipment: Employers in Tunisia are required by law to provide appropriate ergonomic equipment such as adjustable chairs, keyboards, and monitors to their employees. This not only helps prevent common musculoskeletal disorders but also promotes a culture of ergonomics in the workplace.

4. Regular health check-ups: Some companies offer regular health check-ups for their employees to identify any signs of discomfort or strain caused by poor ergonomics. These check-ups can also help identify potential hazards in the workplace that may need to be addressed.

5. Employee involvement: In many organizations, employees are encouraged to actively participate in promoting a healthy ergonomic work environment by sharing feedback and suggestions on how to improve current practices.

6. Enforcing legal requirements: The Tunisian government has put in place regulations and laws related to workplace safety and ergonomics that must be followed by all companies operating in the country.

7. Collaborating with experts: Many companies collaborate with occupational health experts or ergonomists who provide guidance on best practices for creating an ergonomic-friendly workplace environment.

8. Ergonomic audits: Some companies conduct periodic audits of their ergonomic practices to ensure compliance with standards and identify areas for improvement.

9. Incentives for promoting a healthy work environment: In some cases, employers offer incentives such as bonuses or other rewards for creating a safe and healthy work environment that promotes good ergonomics practices.

10. Creating an open dialogue between employees and management: Many companies encourage an open dialogue between employees and management to raise any ergonomic concerns or suggestions for improvement. This promotes a culture of continuous improvement in workplace ergonomics.

19 .How does Tunisia address issues of air quality control and pollution prevention in regards to worker health?

Tunisia has implemented various measures to address air quality control and pollution prevention in regards to worker health. These include the following:

1. National legal framework: Tunisia has enacted laws and regulations aimed at controlling air pollution, such as the Environmental Protection and Management Law (1991) and the National Programme for Environmental Protection (2006). These laws provide the legal basis for monitoring and enforcing air quality standards.

2. Air Quality Monitoring Program: The Tunisian Ministry of Environment carries out a National Air Quality Monitoring Program to measure levels of pollutants in urban areas, industrial zones, and near major sources of emissions. This data is used to assess air quality trends and to inform policy decisions.

3. Industrial regulations: The Tunisian government has established emission limits for industrial facilities through its Industrial Environmental Regulations (2000). These regulations require industries to implement pollution control measures, conduct regular emissions monitoring, and comply with national emission standards.

4. Vehicle emissions control: Tunisia has introduced mandatory vehicle inspections to reduce emissions from vehicles on the road. In addition, new cars are required to meet Euro 5 emission standards.

5. Promoting clean energy sources: Tunisia is promoting the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, which contribute significantly to air pollution.

6.Monitoring occupational exposure: The Ministry of Employment conducts regular workplace visits and inspections to monitor occupational exposure to pollutants in industries such as mining, construction, manufacturing, and agriculture.

7. Public awareness campaigns: The Tunisian government regularly runs public awareness campaigns about the dangers of air pollution and its impact on worker health. It also provides information on how individuals can protect themselves from exposure to harmful pollutants.

8. International cooperation: Tunisia cooperates with international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to implement programs that aim at improving air quality control and reducing pollution levels.

Overall, Tunisia has made significant efforts to address air quality control and pollution prevention in regards to worker health. However, challenges such as limited resources and lack of enforcement capacity still remain, highlighting the need for continuous efforts and improvement in this area.

20 .What steps are taken by authorities if a company is found guilty of violating health & safety regulations and putting its workers’ health in danger in Tunisia?

If a company is found guilty of violating health and safety regulations and putting its workers’ health in danger in Tunisia, the following steps may be taken by the authorities:

1. Fine: The company may be fined for its violation of health and safety regulations. The amount of the fine will depend on the severity of the violation.

2. Shutdown: The authorities may order the company to shut down its operations until it rectifies the situation and ensures compliance with health and safety regulations.

3. Revocation of license: If the violation is serious enough, the government may revoke the company’s license to operate.

4. Legal action: The workers or their representatives may file a lawsuit against the company for damages caused by the violation.

5. Repercussions on reputation: Violating health and safety regulations can have severe consequences on a company’s reputation, leading to loss of business and customers.

6. Corrective measures: The authorities may require the company to take corrective measures, such as improving working conditions, providing personal protective equipment (PPE), or implementing training programs for employees on health and safety protocols.

7. Inspections: The authorities may conduct regular inspections to ensure that the company has implemented necessary changes and is compliant with all health and safety regulations.

8. Re-training of employees: If necessary, employees may be required to undergo re-training on health and safety protocols to prevent further violations.

9. Closure or relocation of workplace: In extreme cases where there is a significant risk to employees’ health, the authorities may order the closure or relocation of a workplace.

10. Criminal charges: In cases where there are gross violations resulting in serious injury or death, criminal charges may be brought against the company’s management or individuals responsible for ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations.