Outdoor Activities in Austria

1. What are the most popular outdoor activities in Austria?

The most popular outdoor activities in Austria are:

1. Skiing: Austria is known for its excellent ski resorts, making it a top destination for skiing and snowboarding enthusiasts.

2. Hiking: The Austrian Alps offer countless trails and routes for hikers of all levels, making it a popular activity for tourists and locals alike.

3. Cycling: Austria has a well-developed network of bike paths, including the famous Danube Cycle Path, which attracts cyclists from around the world.

4. Mountain Biking: With its rugged terrain and challenging trails, mountain biking is another popular outdoor activity in Austria.

5. Climbing: The Austrian Alps also offer excellent opportunities for rock climbing, ice climbing, and mountaineering.

6. Canyoning: This adrenaline-pumping activity involves traveling through canyons by jumping, sliding, swimming or rappelling down waterfalls.

7. Paragliding/parasailing: The scenic landscapes of Austria make it an ideal destination for paragliding and parasailing adventures.

8. Rafting/kayaking: Adventure seekers can enjoy rafting or kayaking down the wild rivers of Austria, surrounded by beautiful scenery.

9. Lake activities: With its many lakes, Austria offers a variety of water sports such as swimming, sailing, stand-up paddleboarding, and windsurfing.

10. Camping: Camping is a popular way to enjoy the beautiful nature of Austria, with many campsites offering scenic views and access to outdoor activities.

2. How does the climate in Austria affect outdoor activities?


The climate in Austria can greatly impact outdoor activities, as it can vary greatly throughout the country. In the winter, the mountainous regions in Austria experience heavy snowfall and cold temperatures, which are ideal for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports. In the spring and summer months, the weather tends to be milder and more pleasant, making it a popular time for hiking, biking, and other outdoor adventures.

However, sudden changes in weather can affect planned activities and caution must be taken when engaging in outdoor activities as unpredictable weather, such as thunderstorms or heavy rainfall, can occur. Additionally, extreme heat during the summer months may make some activities uncomfortable or even dangerous if proper precautions are not taken.

Overall, while the climate in Austria can provide diverse opportunities for outdoor activities throughout the year, it is important to stay informed about current weather conditions before engaging in any outdoor adventure to ensure safety.

3. Are there any unique outdoor activities that can only be done in Austria?


Yes, there are several unique outdoor activities that can only be done in Austria:

1. Mountain Biking: Austria is known for its beautiful landscapes and the different terrains it offers for mountain biking. From gentle hills to steep mountains, there are plenty of trails and routes for all skill levels.

2. Skiing and Snowboarding: With its alpine landscape and famous ski resorts like St. Anton and Kitzbühel, Austria is a popular destination for skiing and snowboarding enthusiasts.

3. Hiking: The Austrian Alps offer some of the best hiking trails in Europe, with breathtaking views of stunning landscapes along the way.

4. Water Sports: The country’s numerous lakes, rivers, and waterfalls make it an ideal place for water sports such as kayaking, rafting, and canyoning.

5. Paragliding: The mountainous terrain also makes Austria a top spot for paragliding adventures, with many designated launch sites across the country.

6. Hot Air Ballooning: Take in the picturesque views of Austria from a hot air balloon ride over its valleys, mountains, and charming towns.

7. Outdoor Spas and Thermal Baths: Austria is home to several natural hot springs and wellness centers where visitors can relax in mineral-rich waters while enjoying stunning nature views.

8. Wildlife Watching: Nature lovers can spot various species of animals including ibexes, golden eagles, marmots, chamois goats, and more while exploring national parks like Hohe Tauern or Gesäuse National Park.

9. Wine Tasting: In addition to its outdoor activities, Austria’s wine regions like Wachau Valley offer scenic vineyard tours where visitors can taste regional wines while surrounded by stunning landscapes.

10. Via Ferrata Climbing: This form of rock climbing involves using fixed cables attached to the mountain as aids in ascending steep terrain. It is a popular outdoor activity in Austria, with several routes available for all levels of climbers.

4. What are some budget-friendly outdoor activities in Austria?


1. Hiking: Austria is known for its breathtaking landscapes and hiking trails, and the best part is that they are usually free of charge. From easy walks to challenging mountain hikes, there is a trail for everyone.

2. Sightseeing: Many of Austria’s most famous landmarks and attractions, such as Schönbrunn Palace or Mirabell Gardens in Salzburg, can be enjoyed for free by simply walking around and admiring the architecture and beauty.

3. Cycling: Austria has a well-developed network of cycling paths that offer stunning views of the countryside. You can rent a bike at an affordable price or even join a guided tour.

4. Swimming: During the summer months, many lakes in Austria offer free or low-cost public access to their beaches. This is a great way to cool off while enjoying the beautiful surroundings.

5. Picnics: Pack some local cheese, bread, and wine, and head to one of Austria’s many parks for a budget-friendly outdoor meal with a view.

6. Free concerts and festivals: Throughout the year, cities in Austria host various outdoor concerts and festivals featuring local music and culture – many of which are free to attend.

7. Winter sports: If you’re visiting during the winter season, there are often free or low-cost options for skiing, ice skating, or sledding in some areas.

8. Wildlife spotting: Austria is home to diverse wildlife species such as deer, ibexes, marmots, and eagles. Embark on a nature walk or hike to spot these animals in their natural habitat without spending any money.

9. Explore small towns: Taking a day trip to one of Austria’s picturesque small towns can be an inexpensive way to experience traditional Austrian culture and architecture.

10. Visit national parks: Some national parks in Austria may have entry fees, but they offer stunning scenery and endless opportunities for budget-friendly outdoor activities such as camping and hiking.

5. How do locals typically enjoy the outdoors in Austria?


Locals in Austria typically enjoy the outdoors in a variety of ways, including:

1. Hiking: Austria is known for its picturesque hiking trails and mountains, and many locals enjoy spending time in nature by going on hikes. Popular hiking routes include the Eagle’s Walk in Tirol or the Danube Trail along the Danube River.

2. Skiing: Skiing is a popular winter activity in Austria, and locals often take advantage of the country’s many ski resorts and slopes during the colder months.

3. Cycling: Biking is another popular outdoor activity in Austria, with both road cycling and mountain biking being popular among locals. The country has a well-developed network of cycling paths and routes for all levels.

4. Swimming and water sports: In the warmer months, Austrians enjoy swimming in lakes, rivers, and pools. Water sports like kayaking, rafting, and stand-up paddleboarding are also popular.

5. Camping: Many Austrians love to spend time camping in nature, either at designated campsites or wild camping spots.

6. Picnics: Picnicking is a beloved pastime among Austrians, who often gather with family and friends to share a meal outdoors while enjoying the beautiful scenery.

7. Gardening: Having access to green space is highly valued by Austrians, who often have small gardens or balconies where they grow plants and vegetables.

8. Music festivals and cultural events: Throughout the year, there are various outdoor music festivals and cultural events held across Austria that attract locals to come out and enjoy live music and performances in an open-air setting.

9. Relaxing at beer gardens: In addition to enjoying nature-based activities, Austrians also love to relax at traditional beer gardens scattered throughout the country during warm weather days.

10.Winter wellness activities: With plentiful hot springs located across Austria providing superb restorative waters which range from simple public amenities through advanced regimes plan, many Austrians like to unwind from the cold weather and their busy lives by visiting one of these thermal hot springs.

6. Can you recommend any off-the-beaten-path outdoor experiences in Austria?


1. Hiking in the Almenland region: The Almenland is a beautiful rural region in Styria known for its traditional alpine pastures and stunning hiking trails. Get off the beaten path by exploring some of the lesser-known trails, such as the Almkogl circuit or the Teichalm loop.

2. Canyoning in the Salzkammergut: The Salzkammergut is a picturesque region of lakes and mountains, but it’s also home to some thrilling canyoning opportunities. Explore hidden gorges and plunge into natural pools on an exciting canyoning adventure.

3. Mountain biking in Reiteralm: The Reiteralm mountain bike park is a hidden gem for adrenaline junkies. This purpose-built park offers downhill tracks, flow trails, and cross-country routes suitable for all levels of experience.

4. Wild swimming in Carinthia: Austria’s southernmost province, Carinthia, is home to countless crystal-clear lakes perfect for a refreshing wild swim. Head to lesser-known spots like Lake Zirbensee or Lake Winterleitensee for a more secluded experience.

5. Caving in the Dachstein-Salzkammergut region: Explore deep underground on a caving adventure in the Dachstein-Salzkammergut region. Follow narrow passages and climb through caverns to discover stunning underground landscapes.

6. Horseback riding in Lech am Arlberg: The picturesque town of Lech am Arlberg offers unique horseback riding experiences through its stunning alpine landscape. Take a guided tour through meadows and forests while admiring breathtaking views.

7. Are there organized tours or groups for outdoor activities in Austria?


Yes, there are many organized tours and groups for outdoor activities in Austria. Some popular examples include:

1. Hiking: There are numerous hiking groups in Austria that organize guided hikes to different destinations, ranging from easy day trips to more challenging multi-day treks.

2. Cycling: Austria is known for its beautiful cycling routes, and there are several tour companies that offer guided cycling tours through the country’s diverse landscapes.

3. Skiing and Snowboarding: During the winter months, there are many group ski and snowboard tours that take advantage of Austria’s world-renowned ski resorts.

4. Rock Climbing: There are various climbing schools and mountaineering associations in Austria that offer guided rock climbing tours for all levels of experience.

5. Canyoning: This adventure activity, which involves rappelling down waterfalls and sliding down natural slides, is popular in the Austrian Alps and can be done with organized tour companies.

6. Rafting: For those looking for a bit of adrenaline, there are several rafting tour companies that offer trips on the many rivers and streams in Austria.

7. Horseback Riding: Many tour operators offer horseback riding tours through Austria’s scenic countryside.

8. Paragliding: There are also guided paragliding experiences available in various locations across Austria, offering a unique way to see the country from above.

It is always recommended to do research and read reviews before choosing a specific tour or group to ensure safety and quality of the experience.

8. What are the safety precautions for outdoor activities in Austria?


1. Dress appropriately: Make sure to wear appropriate clothing and footwear for the specific activity and weather conditions. This may include layers for changing temperatures, waterproof gear for rainy days, and sturdy shoes with good grip for hiking or other outdoor activities.

2. Check weather conditions: Before heading out, check the local weather forecast to ensure there are no extreme weather conditions that could pose a danger. If the weather is severe, it’s best to postpone your plans or choose an indoor activity instead.

3. Bring proper equipment: Depending on the activity, make sure to bring necessary equipment such as maps, compasses, flashlights, first aid kits, and any other essential gear. Also, make sure all equipment is in good working condition before use.

4. Stay on designated paths/trails: Stick to marked trails and paths while hiking or exploring nature to avoid getting lost or encountering dangerous terrain.

5. Inform others of your plans: Always let someone know where you are going and when you plan to return, especially if you’re going on a solo trip. In case of an emergency, this information will be crucial in helping rescue teams find you.

6. Sun protection: The sun can be quite strong in Austria during summer months, so make sure to pack sunscreen, sunglasses and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays.

7. Watch out for wildlife: While encountering wildlife can be exciting, it’s important to respect their space and not approach them too closely. Be aware of any potential dangers (such as bears or snakes) in the area and take necessary precautions.

8. Follow any posted rules/signs: Austria has strict laws regarding outdoor activities such as camping and hiking in certain areas. Make sure to read and adhere to any posted signs or rules in order to stay safe and avoid fines.

9.Watch out for hidden hazards: Keep an eye out for hidden hazards such as slippery rocks or branches on hiking trails, and be careful when crossing streams or rivers.

10. Stay hydrated and nourished: It’s essential to stay hydrated and well-fueled during outdoor activities. Make sure to bring plenty of water and snacks with you, especially on longer hikes or bike rides.

9. Is there a particular season that is best for certain outdoor activities in Austria?


The best time for certain outdoor activities in Austria depends on the specific activity and region. Here are some general guidelines:

1. Skiing and snow sports: The winter months of December to March are the best time for skiing and other snow activities in Austria, with peak season being February.

2. Hiking and mountain climbing: The summer months of June to September are ideal for hiking and mountain climbing in Austria, as the weather is warmer and the trails are clear of snow.

3. Cycling and biking: Spring (April to May) and autumn (September to October) are great seasons for cycling and biking in Austria, as the temperatures are mild and there are fewer crowds compared to summer.

4. Water sports: Summer is the best time for water sports like swimming, boating, and rafting in lakes or rivers in Austria.

5. Wildlife viewing: Spring (April to May) is a good time to spot newborn animals in the national parks of Austria, while September to October is ideal for seeing deer during their rutting season.

It’s always best to check specific regions and weather conditions before planning any outdoor activities, as they can vary throughout Austria.

10. Which cities or regions of Austria are best for outdoor enthusiasts?

Austria is known for its stunning landscapes and outdoor activities, so there are many cities and regions that are great for outdoor enthusiasts. Some popular options include:

1. Tyrol: Located in the Austrian Alps, Tyrol is a popular destination for skiing, hiking, and mountain biking.

2. Salzkammergut: This region is known for its picturesque lakes such as Wolfgangsee and Hallstätter See, making it perfect for swimming, boating, and scenic hikes.

3. Innsbruck: This city is not only the capital of Tyrol but also a great base for outdoor activities such as skiing in winter or hiking in summer.

4. Zell am See: Nestled by the beautiful Lake Zell and surrounded by stunning mountains, this town offers a range of outdoor activities such as skiing, snowboarding, hiking, and mountain biking.

5. Ötztal Valley: Home to some of the highest mountains in Austria including Wildspitze (the second-highest peak), this region is perfect for trekking, mountaineering, and climbing.

6. Vorarlberg: Another popular ski destination located in Western Austria near the border with Switzerland and Germany. The region offers a variety of winter sports as well as hiking and cycling during the warmer months.

7. Graz: While known as Austria’s second-largest city, Graz also has plenty to offer for outdoor enthusiasts with nearby popular hiking routes such as Schöckl Mountain.

8. Wachau Valley: This scenic valley along the Danube River is great for cycling tours thanks to its beautiful scenery dotted with vineyards.

9. Dachstein Salzkammergut UNESCO World Heritage Region: This area boasts breathtaking landscapes including impressive glaciers which can be explored on hikes or guided walks.

10. Arlberg Region: Known as one of Europe’s top ski resorts with over 300 km of slopes set among stunning alpine scenery, this region also offers hiking and mountain biking opportunities in the warmer months.

11. What types of equipment or gear would be necessary for an outdoor adventure in Austria?


Some potential necessary equipment for an outdoor adventure in Austria may include:

1. Hiking boots with good tread: These are essential for hiking on the various trails and mountainous terrain in Austria.

2. Warm and waterproof clothing: Depending on the time of year and location, temperatures in Austria can vary greatly, so it is important to have clothing that can be layered for warmth and also protect against rain or snow.

3. Backpack: A sturdy backpack is necessary to carry any essential items such as food, water, a map, sunscreen, etc.

4. Navigation tools: This may include a map, compass, or GPS device to help navigate through the mountains and forests of Austria.

5. Water bottle and purification tablets: It is important to stay hydrated while exploring outdoors, so having a reusable water bottle and purification tablets can help provide clean drinking water on-the-go.

6. Snacks and/or meals: Depending on the length of your adventure, it may be important to bring along some energy-boosting snacks or even a packed meal.

7. First aid kit: It’s always best to be prepared for any potential accidents while out in the wilderness. A first aid kit should include basic medical supplies such as bandaids, gauze pads, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, etc.

8. Sunglasses and sun protection: The sun’s rays can be intense at higher elevations in Austria, so it is important to have sunglasses and sunscreen to protect your eyes and skin.

9. Trekking poles: These can provide added stability while hiking on steep trails or uneven terrain.

10. Headlamp/flashlight: If you will be camping overnight or exploring during dawn/dusk hours, a headlamp or flashlight is crucial for visibility.

11. Personal toiletries: Depending on your plans for overnight stays (camping, hostels/hotels), you may need to bring personal grooming items such as a toothbrush, toothpaste, soap, etc.

It is always important to assess the specific activities and terrain you will encounter before your outdoor adventure in Austria and plan accordingly. It may also be helpful to consult with experienced hikers or locals for additional gear recommendations.

12. Are there any famous national parks or nature reserves to explore in Austria?


Yes, Austria has several famous national parks and nature reserves to explore, including:

1. Hohe Tauern National Park: This is the largest national park in Austria, covering an area of 1,856 square kilometers. It is known for its stunning mountain landscapes, glaciers, and diverse flora and fauna.

2. Gesäuse National Park: Located in the state of Styria, this national park is known for its rugged mountain terrain and deep gorges carved by the Enns River.

3. Kalkalpen National Park: Situated in Upper Austria, this national park is home to one of Europe’s last remaining primeval forests and offers opportunities for hiking and wildlife viewing.

4. Donau-Auen National Park: This park protects the natural floodplain landscape along the Danube River and is a popular spot for birdwatching and outdoor recreation.

5. Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park: Located in the eastern region of Burgenland, this park is known for its diverse wetland habitats and migratory bird populations.

6. Thayatal National Park: Covering an area of 13 square kilometers along the Austrian-Czech border, this park boasts stunning scenery including a deep valley carved by the Thaya River.

7. Schutzgebiet Lobau Nature Reserve: This protected area on the outskirts of Vienna is a popular spot for locals to enjoy outdoor activities such as walking, biking, and boating.

8. Wildnisgebiet Dürrenstein Nature Reserve: Located in Lower Austria, this reserve covers an area of nearly 20 square kilometers and offers untouched wilderness for hikers and nature lovers to explore.

9. Salzburger Saalachauen Nature Reserve: This nature reserve in Salzburg features a diverse landscape with forests, meadows, rivers, and cliffs that provide habitats for a wide range of plant and animal species.

10. Kaiserwald Tillysburg Nature Reserve: Situated in the state of Carinthia, this reserve protects an ancient forest known for its towering trees and diverse wildlife.

13. Can you suggest any romantic or family-friendly outdoor activities in Austria?


1. Horse-drawn carriage ride through scenic mountain villages
2. Picnic in the Alps with stunning views
3. Boat trip on the beautiful Lake Wolfgangsee
4. Hiking or cycling through the picturesque countryside
5. Visiting a vineyard for a wine tasting and tour
6. Visiting a castle or palace, such as Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna
7. Strolling through one of Austria’s romantic old towns, like Hallstatt or Salzburg
8. Taking a cable car up to a mountaintop for breathtaking views
9. River rafting or kayaking on the Danube River
10. Exploring Austria’s national parks, such as Hohe Tauern National Park
11. Enjoying a leisurely walk around the charming village of St. Gilgen on Lake Wolfgangsee
12. Visiting one of Austria’s famous spa towns, like Baden bei Wien or Bad Ischl
13. Family-friendly outdoor activities such as visiting an adventure park, zoo, or botanical garden

14. What kind of wildlife can be spotted during outdoor outings in Austria?

A variety of wildlife can be spotted during outdoor outings in Austria, including:
– Red deer: The largest species of deer found in Austria, often seen in forests and meadows.
– Alpine ibex: A species of wild mountain goat commonly found in the Alps.
– Chamois: A type of wild goat-antelope found on mountain slopes and rocky areas.
– Marmots: Large ground squirrels commonly seen in alpine and mountainous regions.
– Golden eagles: One of the largest bird species in Austria, often spotted soaring above mountain ranges.
– Brown bears: Although rare, there are a small number of brown bears that inhabit remote regions of Austria.
– Lynx: A medium-sized wild cat, occasionally spotted in forest areas.
– Foxes and hares: These small mammals are common throughout Austria’s countryside.
– Various bird species: Austria is home to a diverse range of birds, including blackbirds, sparrows, woodpeckers, and many more.

15. Are there any traditional cultural events related to outdoor activities in Austria?


Yes, there are several traditional cultural events related to outdoor activities in Austria. Some examples include:

1. Almabtrieb: In late September or early October, farmers bring their cattle down from the alpine pastures to spend the winter in the valleys. This event is celebrated with parades and festivals.

2. Krampusnacht: On December 5th, the eve of St. Nicholas Day, a traditional parade takes place where people dress up as Krampus (a demonic figure) and roam the streets scaring children with bells and whips.

3. Dirndl and Lederhosen Festivals: These festivals celebrate traditional Austrian clothing and often include hiking or other outdoor activities as part of the festivities.

4. Easter Egg Hunts: In many regions of Austria, Easter traditions include egg hunts with beautifully decorated eggs hidden in nature.

5. Mountain Hut Celebrations: Many huts in the Austrian Alps host special events during the summer months such as music concerts, traditional food tastings, or storytelling evenings for hikers and visitors.

6 . Schützenfests: Marksmanship competitions that take place in open fields or forests are common in rural areas of Austria during spring and summer.

7. Maypole Dancing: In small villages across Austria, young people perform a dance around a decorated maypole on May 1st to celebrate the arrival of spring.

8. Kirtag Fairs: These fairs take place throughout the year in different regions of Austria and feature traditional food, crafts, and games outdoors.

9. Advent Markets: In December, many cities and villages hold Christmas markets selling handicrafts, mulled wine, roasted chestnuts and other treats outdoors.

10. Skiing Competitions: Ski races are a popular winter tradition in Austria with famous international events like Hahnenkamm races in Kitzbühel or Lauberhorn races in Wengen.

16. Can visitors camp or stay overnight while engaging in outdoor activities in Austria?


Yes, visitors can camp or stay overnight while engaging in outdoor activities in Austria. There are various campsites and camping grounds located across the country, which offer facilities for tents, caravans, and campervans. Visitors can also stay in mountain huts or alpine meadows while hiking in the Austrian Alps. However, it is important to follow local regulations and obtain permits for camping and overnight stays in designated areas.

17. How has technology impacted the availability and experience of outdoor activities in Austria?


Technology has had a significant impact on the availability and experience of outdoor activities in Austria. Some ways in which technology has affected outdoor activities are:

1. Increased Access: The advancement of technology, particularly in transportation, has made it easier for people to access outdoor activities in Austria. Improved roads, railways, and air travel have made it possible for people to reach remote locations for hiking, biking, and other outdoor activities.

2. Online Booking Systems: With the rise of online booking systems, it has become more convenient for people to book accommodations, tours, and equipment rentals for their outdoor trips in Austria. This has not only made the process smoother but also allows visitors to plan their trip in advance.

3. Mobile Apps: There are now numerous mobile apps available that provide information about hiking trails, ski slopes, and other outdoor activities in Austria. These apps can help visitors navigate and find their way through unfamiliar places.

4. Virtual Tours: Virtual reality technology has enabled people to experience Austrian landscapes and scenery without physically being there. This not only creates a more immersive experience but also allows people to explore different locations before deciding where they want to go.

5. GPS Devices: With the use of GPS devices and navigation systems, it has become easier for people to find their way while engaging in outdoor activities like hiking or skiing. This technology provides real-time information about trails or changing weather conditions that can enhance safety while outdoors.

Overall, technology advancements have greatly increased the availability and convenience of outdoor activities in Austria, making it a more attractive destination for adventure seekers and nature enthusiasts from around the world.

18. Are there any restrictions on certain types of outdoor activities, such as hiking or fishing, in Austria?


There are no specific restrictions on outdoor activities such as hiking or fishing in Austria. However, certain areas may have their own rules and regulations, and it is important to always follow local guidelines and respect any signs indicating restricted or prohibited access to certain areas. In addition, some activities may require a permit or license, such as fishing in certain bodies of water. It is advisable to check with local authorities before engaging in any outdoor activity to ensure compliance with all relevant rules and regulations.

19. Do you recommend booking tours or venturing out independently for outdoor adventures in Austria?


It depends on the type of outdoor adventure and your own personal preferences. Some outdoor activities, such as hiking or skiing, can easily be done independently without a tour guide. However, for more specialized activities like mountain climbing or paragliding, it might be safer and more enjoyable to book a tour with a trained guide. It’s always a good idea to research beforehand and decide what option would work best for you.

20.Are there opportunities to learn new skills in Austria?


Yes, there are plenty of opportunities to learn new skills in Austria. The country has a well-developed education system with public and private schools offering a wide range of courses and programs for individuals of all ages.

Additionally, there are many vocational training programs and adult education centers that provide opportunities to learn new skills or deepen existing ones. Universities and colleges in Austria also offer various degree programs, including undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral studies, allowing students to acquire specialized knowledge in their fields of interest.

Moreover, there are numerous workshops, seminars, and training programs organized by professional organizations and companies that offer practical learning experiences and facilitate the acquisition of new skills.

Austria also has a rich cultural scene with museums, galleries, and historical sites providing educational activities for individuals interested in art, history, or other cultural aspects. Overall, there are numerous opportunities for individuals to continuously learn and develop new skills in Austria.